Entoderm

Entoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the ectoderm (outside layer) and mesoderm (middle layer), with the entoderm being the innermost layer. Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm.

The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar. It forms the epithelial lining of multiple systems.

Development

The endoderm produces tissue within the lungs, thyroid, and pancreas. The endoderm not only creates a number of tissues, but it also forms the linings of many systems. During the development of the embryo, the endoderm can develop into any of the following major organs: the stomach, the colon, the liver, the pancreas, the urinary bladder, the lung lobes, the epithelial parts of trachea, the pharynx, the thyroid, the parathyroid, and the intestines.

Clinical significance

Defects in the formation of endodermal organs can lead to various congenital disorders. For example, esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula are birth defects of the esophagus and trachea, where these structures do not form properly due to issues with endodermal development.

See also

• Ectoderm
• Mesoderm
• Embryogenesis
• Organogenesis

References

Entoderm Resources
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