Entomopathogenic nematodes

Entomopathogenic nematodes are a type of parasitic nematode that are lethal to insects. They are used in biological pest control due to their ability to kill a wide range of insect pests.

Overview

Entomopathogenic nematodes belong to the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae. These nematodes are unique in their symbiotic relationship with bacteria which they carry in a specialized part of their gut. The bacteria, from the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, are pathogenic to insects and are essential for the nematodes' insect-killing ability.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of entomopathogenic nematodes involves six stages: the egg, four juvenile stages, and the adult. The third juvenile stage, known as the infective juvenile, is the only stage that can survive outside of the host insect. Infective juveniles search for insect hosts, entering them through natural openings. Once inside, they release their symbiotic bacteria, which kill the host within 24-48 hours. The nematodes then feed on the bacteria and decomposing host tissue, reproduce, and the new infective juveniles leave the dead host to search for new ones.

Use in Biological Control

Entomopathogenic nematodes are used in biological pest control due to their ability to kill a wide range of insect pests. They are considered a safe and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. They are effective against a variety of pests, including beetles, weevils, borers, moths, flies, and fleas. They are also used to control pests in a variety of settings, including agriculture, forestry, and home gardens.

Research and Development

Research into entomopathogenic nematodes is ongoing, with scientists studying their biology, ecology, and use in pest control. This research is aimed at improving their effectiveness and expanding their use in biological control.

See Also

• Biological pest control
• Parasitic nematode
• Steinernematidae
• Heterorhabditidae
• Xenorhabdus
• Photorhabdus