Environmental engineering

Environmental engineering is a professional engineering discipline that takes from broad scientific topics like chemistry, biology, ecology, geology, hydraulics, hydrology, microbiology, and mathematics to create solutions that will protect and also improve the health of living organisms and improve the quality of the environment. Environmental engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering and chemical engineering that focuses on water and air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, and public health issues as well as a knowledge of environmental engineering law. It also includes studies on the environmental impact of proposed construction projects.

Environmental engineers study the effect of technological advances on the environment. To do so, they conduct studies on hazardous-waste management to evaluate the significance of such hazards, advise on treatment and containment, and develop regulations to prevent mishaps. Implementing environmental engineering law, they also design municipal water supply and industrial wastewater treatment systems. Moreover, they address global issues such as unsafe drinking water, climate change, and environmental sustainability.

History

The practice of environmental engineering dates back to the dawn of civilization. Since humans began congregating in cities, there has been a need to manage the environment to ensure the health and safety of the populace. The ancient Harappan civilization utilized early forms of sewage systems as far back as 2500 BCE. In ancient Rome, engineers built vast aqueduct systems and public baths to provide citizens with clean water and sanitation facilities. The modern era of environmental engineering, however, began in the 19th century with the Industrial Revolution, when the need for waste disposal and water supply systems became paramount due to the rapid growth of cities.

Sub-disciplines

Environmental engineering can be divided into several sub-disciplines, including but not limited to:

• Water Resources Engineering: Focuses on the management and treatment of water to ensure safe water supplies and proper disposal of wastewater.
• Air Quality Engineering: Deals with the control of emissions and pollutants in the air, ensuring healthy air quality standards are met.
• Solid Waste Management: Involves the collection, transport, processing, recycling, or disposal of solid waste materials.
• Environmental Impact Assessment: The study and mitigation of the environmental impacts of new construction projects and industrial facilities.
• Sustainable Engineering: Promotes the design of products, processes, and systems in a manner that minimizes pollution, promotes sustainability, and protects human health without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Education and Training

A bachelor's degree in environmental engineering or a related field such as civil or chemical engineering is typically required to become an environmental engineer. Many universities offer specific programs in environmental engineering, including courses in environmental chemistry, water and wastewater treatment design, air pollution control, and hazardous waste management. Advanced degrees can lead to higher positions, research opportunities, and the ability to teach at the university level.

Professional Practice

Environmental engineers work in a variety of settings, from laboratories and offices to industrial plants and construction sites. They may work for government agencies, engineering firms, or private corporations. Their work often involves collaboration with other engineers and professionals, including scientists, urban planners, and public health officials.

Challenges and Future Directions

The field of environmental engineering faces numerous challenges, including adapting to changing regulations, developing sustainable technologies, and addressing the global impact of climate change. Future directions may include advancements in green technology, renewable energy sources, and methods for reducing carbon footprints.

See Also

• Sustainable development
• Environmental science
• Ecological engineering
• Water purification
• Air pollution