Epiphysis cerebri

Epiphysis cerebri, also known as the pineal gland, is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain. It produces melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of wake/sleep patterns and photoperiodic (seasonal) functions.

Anatomy

The epiphysis cerebri is located near the center of the brain, between the two hemispheres, tucked in a groove where the two halves of the thalamus join. Despite its small size, the gland is readily visible on brain scans due to its high rates of calcification.

Function

The primary function of the epiphysis cerebri is to secrete melatonin, a hormone derived from tryptophan. Melatonin secretion by the pineal gland is stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light.

Clinical significance

Dysfunction of the epiphysis cerebri can lead to a variety of health problems. For example, a pineal gland tumor can disrupt normal functioning and lead to a variety of symptoms, including altered sleep patterns, mood changes, and seizures.

History

The epiphysis cerebri has been a subject of human thought and speculation since antiquity. The philosopher René Descartes famously referred to it as the "principal seat of the soul."

See also

• Pinealocyte
• Pineal gland cyst
• Pinealoma