Equine encephalomyelitis

Equine encephalomyelitis is a term used to describe a group of diseases that cause inflammation of the brain and spinal cord in horses. These diseases are typically caused by viruses and can be fatal. There are three main types of equine encephalomyelitis: Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE), Western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE), and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE).

Causes

Equine encephalomyelitis is caused by a variety of viruses that are typically transmitted by mosquitoes. The viruses responsible for EEE, WEE, and VEE are all part of the Togaviridae family. These viruses can also infect humans and other animals, but horses are particularly susceptible.

Symptoms

The symptoms of equine encephalomyelitis can vary depending on the specific virus involved, but they generally include fever, loss of appetite, and neurological signs such as incoordination, depression, and difficulty walking. In severe cases, the disease can cause paralysis and death.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of equine encephalomyelitis is typically based on clinical signs and laboratory testing. Blood tests can be used to detect the presence of the virus or antibodies against the virus. In some cases, a lumbar puncture may be performed to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for testing.

Treatment and Prevention

There is no specific treatment for equine encephalomyelitis. Management of the disease involves supportive care, including hydration and anti-inflammatory medications. Vaccines are available for EEE, WEE, and VEE, and are an important part of prevention. In addition, control of mosquito populations can help to reduce the risk of transmission.

See Also

• Equine diseases
• Viral encephalitis
• Zoonotic diseases