Erythrovirus

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background-color: rgb(250,250,190)" | Erythrovirus
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Electron micrograph of Parvovirus B19
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Species
Parvovirus B19

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Erythrovirus is a genus of viruses within the family Parvoviridae. The most well-known species within this genus is Parvovirus B19, which is the causative agent of fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) in humans. Erythroviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses with a single-stranded DNA genome.

Virology[edit | edit source]

Erythroviruses are characterized by their small size, approximately 18-26 nm in diameter, and their simple structure. The viral genome is composed of a single-stranded DNA molecule, approximately 5,600 nucleotides in length. The genome encodes for three major proteins: two non-structural proteins (NS1 and NS2) and one capsid protein (VP1/VP2).

The virus primarily targets erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow, which are cells that develop into red blood cells. This tropism is due to the presence of the P antigen (globoside) on the surface of these cells, which serves as the cellular receptor for the virus.

Pathogenesis[edit | edit source]

Infection with Parvovirus B19 can lead to a variety of clinical manifestations, depending on the age and immune status of the host. In children, it commonly causes fifth disease, characterized by a "slapped cheek" rash on the face and a lacy red rash on the body. In adults, it can cause arthralgia and arthritis, particularly in women.

In individuals with underlying hemolytic disorders, such as sickle cell disease or hereditary spherocytosis, B19 infection can lead to an aplastic crisis, a severe drop in red blood cell production. In immunocompromised patients, chronic infection can occur, leading to persistent anemia.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of Erythrovirus infection is typically made through serological testing for specific IgM and IgG antibodies against Parvovirus B19. PCR testing can also be used to detect viral DNA in blood or other tissues, particularly in cases of chronic infection or in immunocompromised patients.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

There is no specific antiviral treatment for Parvovirus B19 infection. Management is generally supportive, with blood transfusions for patients experiencing severe anemia. In cases of chronic infection in immunocompromised individuals, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy may be beneficial.

Epidemiology[edit | edit source]

Parvovirus B19 is a ubiquitous virus, with seroprevalence rates increasing with age. It is transmitted primarily through respiratory droplets, but can also be spread via blood products and from mother to fetus during pregnancy.

Also see[edit | edit source]

Template:Parvoviridae

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