Eschscholzia californica

Cal poppy

PoppyAlbino

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MUTCD-CA G10B

Eschscholzia californica, commonly known as the California poppy, is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae. Native to the United States and Mexico, it is recognized for its vibrant orange flowers and is a popular ornamental plant in gardens. The California poppy is also the state flower of California, a designation it received in 1903 due to its widespread presence and cultural significance in the state.

Description

Eschscholzia californica is a perennial or annual plant, depending on the climate in which it grows. It typically reaches 5 to 60 cm in height, with finely divided, blue-green foliage. The flowers, appearing from February to September, are solitary on long stems, silky-textured, and have four petals. The petals range in color from golden orange to yellow, but can also be found in white, pink, and red variations due to horticultural selections. The fruit is a slender, capsule-like structure that splits open to release numerous small seeds.

Habitat and Distribution

Originally endemic to the western United States and Mexico, Eschscholzia californica has been naturalized in various parts of the world, including Australia, South Africa, and parts of Europe. It thrives in Mediterranean climates and is commonly found in grassy and open areas, from sea level to altitudes of up to 2000 meters. The California poppy prefers full sun and well-drained soils, and due to its drought-tolerant nature, it is often used in xeriscaping.

Cultivation and Uses

The California poppy is widely cultivated in gardens for its aesthetic appeal and has been used in traditional medicine by Native American tribes. The plant is known to have sedative and analgesic properties, although it is not as potent as the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). In landscaping, it is valued for its ease of care, ability to attract pollinators like bees and butterflies, and its role in soil stabilization.

Conservation

While Eschscholzia californica is not currently listed as an endangered species, its habitat is threatened by urbanization, invasive species, and overgrazing. Conservation efforts focus on habitat preservation and the promotion of native plant gardening to support biodiversity.

Cultural Significance

The selection of the California poppy as the state flower of California highlights its importance in the state's cultural and natural heritage. The flower has become an iconic symbol of California's wild beauty, celebrated annually on April 6th as California Poppy Day. It also appears in various forms of art, literature, and symbols throughout the state.