Eurasian woodcock

EURASIAN-WOODCOCK-MANGPOO

2005-09 Białowieski Park Narodowy 3

Scolopax rusticola MWNH 0171

Scolopax rusticola - Doi Inthanon

Eurasian Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) is a species of wading bird in the family Scolopacidae, which is part of the order Charadriiformes. Known for its distinctive shape, cryptic plumage, and unique behavior, the Eurasian Woodcock is a bird of temperate Eurasian forests. It is a migratory species, with many birds moving to warmer regions during the winter.

Description

The Eurasian Woodcock has a stocky body, short legs, and a very long straight bill. It measures approximately 33-35 cm in length and weighs around 280-450 grams. The bird's plumage is highly camouflaged, allowing it to blend in with the forest floor; it is a mixture of brown, black, and rust colors. This camouflage is crucial for its survival, as it spends a significant amount of time on the ground.

Habitat and Distribution

The habitat of the Eurasian Woodcock is primarily dense, moist woodlands, often with a mix of deciduous and coniferous trees. It prefers areas with thick underbrush or scattered clearings, which provide cover and feeding grounds. The species is widespread across Europe and Asia, stretching from the British Isles eastwards to Japan. Its range also extends into North Africa and the Middle East during the winter migration.

Behavior

Eurasian Woodcocks are mostly nocturnal, spending the day hidden in dense vegetation and becoming active at dusk. Their diet consists mainly of earthworms, insects, and occasionally seeds, which they find by probing the soft ground with their long bills.

During the breeding season, males perform a distinctive courtship display known as 'roding', flying in looping patterns at dusk while making a series of croaking and twittering sounds to attract females. Nests are simple depressions on the ground, well-hidden among leaf litter.

Conservation

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) currently lists the Eurasian Woodcock as Least Concern. However, habitat loss and degradation, along with hunting in some areas, pose threats to its populations. Conservation efforts focus on habitat protection and management, as well as monitoring hunting practices to ensure sustainable levels.

See Also

• Wading bird
• Migratory species
• Habitat