Falconidae

Laughing Falcon

Falco vespertinus

Micrastur mintoni - Cryptic Forest Falcon; Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil

Lachfalke

Spiziapteryx circumcincta Spot-winged Falconet, Chancaní Natural Reserve, Córdoba, Argentina 01

Falconidae is a family of birds of prey that includes the falcons and caracaras. They are small to medium-sized birds of prey, ranging from the smallest kestrels to the larger caracaras. The family Falconidae is known for its exceptional hunting skills, speed, and agility in the air. Members of this family are found worldwide, except for Antarctica.

Characteristics

Birds in the Falconidae family have thin, tapered wings, which allow them to fly at high speed and change direction rapidly. Their beaks are hooked, with a sharp tomial tooth on the upper mandible that helps them kill prey. Falcons primarily hunt other birds, while caracaras are more opportunistic, feeding on carrion, small mammals, reptiles, and birds.

Habitat and Distribution

Falconidae species inhabit a wide range of habitats, including forests, deserts, mountains, and arctic tundra. They are most commonly found in open areas where they can easily spot and pursue their prey. The distribution of Falconidae is global, with species present on every continent except Antarctica.

Reproduction

Members of the Falconidae family typically build their nests on cliffs, in tree cavities, or in the abandoned nests of other birds. They are generally monogamous and have a high fidelity to their nesting sites, returning to the same location year after year. The female usually lays two to four eggs, and both parents share in the care of the young.

Conservation

Some species within the Falconidae family are threatened by habitat loss, pesticide use, and hunting. Conservation efforts, including legal protection, habitat restoration, and the banning of harmful pesticides, have been successful in improving the status of some falcon species. The peregrine falcon, for example, has made a significant comeback from the brink of extinction in many parts of the world.

Classification

The Falconidae family is divided into two main subfamilies: the Falconinae, which includes the true falcons, and the Polyborinae, which includes the caracaras and forest falcons. The family comprises roughly 60 species divided into several genera.

Cultural Significance

Falconidae species, especially falcons, have been revered by many cultures throughout history. Falcons have been used in falconry, a practice that dates back over 4,000 years, where they are trained to hunt game. The falcon is also a popular symbol in heraldry and has been featured in literature and art across the world.