Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome

Chicken - melbourne show 2005

Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS) is a condition primarily affecting laying hens and other poultry, characterized by the accumulation of excess fat in the liver, which can lead to liver rupture, internal bleeding, and often death. This syndrome is of significant concern in the poultry industry, affecting both the health of the birds and the economic viability of poultry operations.

Causes

The exact cause of FLHS is multifactorial, involving a combination of genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. Key contributors include:

• Genetic predisposition: Some breeds of laying hens are more susceptible to FLHS than others, suggesting a genetic component to the syndrome.
• High-energy diets: Diets high in energy but low in certain nutrients can lead to excessive fat deposition in the liver.
• Lack of exercise: Limited physical activity, common in commercial laying operations, can exacerbate the accumulation of liver fat.
• Hormonal imbalance: Imbalances in hormones that regulate fat metabolism may contribute to the development of FLHS.

Symptoms

Symptoms of FLHS may not be apparent until the condition is advanced. Signs include:

• Sudden death in apparently healthy birds
• Decreased egg production
• Pale combs and wattles
• Abdominal distension
• Difficulty breathing

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of FLHS is typically made post-mortem by examining the liver, which will appear enlarged, pale, and greasy. Histopathological examination can confirm the presence of excessive fat and any associated liver damage.

Prevention and Management

Prevention and management strategies for FLHS focus on addressing the underlying causes:

• Dietary management: Ensuring a balanced diet that meets all nutritional needs without excessive energy levels can help prevent FLHS.
• Weight control: Regular monitoring and management of body weight can reduce the risk of fat accumulation in the liver.
• Exercise: Encouraging physical activity can help in managing body weight and reducing fat deposition in the liver.

Impact

FLHS can have a significant impact on poultry operations, leading to increased mortality rates and reduced egg production, which in turn affect the profitability of these operations. Moreover, the condition raises concerns about animal welfare.

Research Directions

Ongoing research into FLHS aims to better understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying the syndrome, develop more effective prevention and management strategies, and identify potential genetic markers for susceptibility to the condition.