Feline asthma

File:Cat Fluffy having a couching fit.webm Feline asthma, also known as feline allergic bronchitis, is a common respiratory condition in cats, affecting around 1% to 5% of the population. It is characterized by chronic inflammation of the small airways (bronchioles) in the lungs. Similar to human asthma, feline asthma is an atopic condition, meaning it is caused by allergens in the environment. The condition can range from mild to severe, with symptoms including coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.

Causes

The exact cause of feline asthma is not fully understood, but it is believed to be an allergic reaction to inhaled allergens. Common triggers include:

• Pollen
• Dust mites
• Mold
• Smoke (tobacco smoke, fireplace smoke)
• Household cleaning products
• Cat litter dust
• Perfumes and air fresheners

Genetic factors may also play a role in the susceptibility of some cats to asthma.

Symptoms

Symptoms of feline asthma can vary in severity and frequency, ranging from occasional mild episodes to severe, life-threatening attacks. Common symptoms include:

• Coughing
• Wheezing
• Rapid, labored breathing
• Open-mouth breathing
• Increased effort to breathe
• Lethargy
• Reduced appetite

In severe cases, cats may suffer from acute respiratory distress and require immediate veterinary attention.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of feline asthma typically involves a combination of clinical signs, medical history, and diagnostic tests. Tests may include:

• Chest X-rays
• Blood tests
• Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
• Pulmonary function tests

A thorough diagnostic process is essential to rule out other conditions that can mimic asthma, such as heartworm disease, respiratory infections, and lung parasites.

Treatment

There is no cure for feline asthma, but the condition can be managed with medications and environmental modifications. Treatment options include:

• Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
• Bronchodilators to open airways
• Avoidance of known allergens
• Weight management
• Stress reduction

In some cases, long-term medication may be necessary to control symptoms. It is important for cat owners to work closely with their veterinarian to develop an effective treatment plan.

Prognosis

With proper management, most cats with asthma can lead normal, active lives. However, the condition can be life-threatening if not properly treated, especially during severe asthma attacks. Regular follow-up with a veterinarian is crucial to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed.

Prevention

While it may not be possible to prevent feline asthma, reducing exposure to potential allergens can help minimize the risk of asthma attacks. Recommendations include:

• Using dust-free cat litter
• Keeping the home clean and free of dust
• Avoiding smoking around the cat
• Using air purifiers to reduce airborne allergens

See Also

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Allergic rhinitis
• Respiratory system