Fetal rhabdomyoma
Fetal Rhabdomyoma[edit | edit source]
Fetal rhabdomyoma is a rare, benign tumor that arises from striated muscle tissue. It is most commonly found in the head and neck region of infants and young children. This type of tumor is characterized by its resemblance to fetal skeletal muscle tissue, hence the name.
Pathology[edit | edit source]
Fetal rhabdomyomas are composed of immature skeletal muscle cells that resemble those found in fetal development. Histologically, these tumors are well-circumscribed and consist of spindle-shaped cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. The nuclei are typically oval and centrally located. The presence of cross-striations can be observed under a microscope, which is indicative of skeletal muscle differentiation.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Patients with fetal rhabdomyoma often present with a mass in the head and neck region. The tumor is usually painless and may be discovered incidentally during a physical examination or imaging studies. In some cases, the tumor can cause functional impairment depending on its size and location, such as difficulty swallowing or breathing if it compresses nearby structures.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis of fetal rhabdomyoma is primarily based on histological examination. A biopsy of the tumor is performed, and the tissue is analyzed under a microscope. Immunohistochemical staining can aid in the diagnosis by highlighting muscle-specific proteins such as desmin and myogenin.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
The treatment of choice for fetal rhabdomyoma is surgical excision. Complete removal of the tumor is usually curative, and recurrence is rare. Due to the benign nature of the tumor, additional treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation are not typically required.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for patients with fetal rhabdomyoma is excellent following complete surgical resection. The tumor does not metastasize, and long-term outcomes are generally favorable. Regular follow-up is recommended to monitor for any signs of recurrence.
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