Field of Vision

An overview of the field of vision in human perception

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Field of vision, also known as visual field, refers to the entire area that can be seen when the eyes are fixed in one position. It encompasses both central and peripheral vision and is crucial for spatial orientation and navigation.

Anatomy and Physiology

The field of vision is determined by the anatomy of the eye and the visual pathway. The retina, located at the back of the eye, contains photoreceptor cells that detect light and convert it into neural signals. These signals are transmitted via the optic nerve to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe of the brain.

Central and Peripheral Vision

The field of vision is divided into central and peripheral vision. Central vision is responsible for detailed, color vision and is mediated by the fovea, a small pit in the retina with a high concentration of cone cells. Peripheral vision, on the other hand, is less detailed and is primarily responsible for detecting motion and providing spatial awareness.

Measurement of Visual Field

Visual field testing is an important diagnostic tool in ophthalmology and neurology. The most common method is perimetry, which maps the visual field by measuring the ability to detect stimuli at various locations.

Types of Perimetry

• Static perimetry: Involves presenting a stationary light stimulus at different locations in the visual field.
• Kinetic perimetry: Involves moving a light stimulus from the periphery towards the center until it is detected by the patient.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in the field of vision can indicate various medical conditions. For example, a loss of peripheral vision may suggest glaucoma, while defects in the central vision could indicate macular degeneration.

Common Visual Field Defects

• Scotoma: A partial loss of vision or a blind spot in an otherwise normal visual field.
• Hemianopia: Loss of half of the visual field, often due to brain injury or stroke.
• Tunnel vision: Loss of peripheral vision with retention of central vision, commonly associated with glaucoma.

Also see

• Visual acuity
• Optic nerve
• Retina
• Visual cortex
• Perimetry