Field sobriety testing

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Field sobriety testing refers to a series of tests administered by law enforcement officers to determine whether a person is impaired by alcohol or drugs. These tests are typically conducted during traffic stops when an officer suspects that a driver is under the influence.

Types of Field Sobriety Tests

Field sobriety tests are divided into two main categories: standardized and non-standardized tests.

Standardized Field Sobriety Tests (SFSTs)

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has approved three standardized field sobriety tests:

• Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) Test: This test measures the involuntary jerking of the eye as it gazes to the side. Impairment is indicated if the eye cannot smoothly follow a moving object.
• Walk-and-Turn (WAT) Test: This test requires the individual to take nine steps, heel-to-toe, along a straight line, turn on one foot, and return in the same manner. Impairment is indicated by an inability to maintain balance, follow instructions, or take the correct number of steps.
• One-Leg Stand (OLS) Test: This test requires the individual to stand on one leg while counting aloud for 30 seconds. Impairment is indicated by swaying, using arms for balance, hopping, or putting the foot down.

Non-Standardized Field Sobriety Tests

Non-standardized tests are not universally accepted and may vary by jurisdiction. Examples include:

• Finger-to-Nose Test: The individual is asked to touch their nose with their finger while their eyes are closed.
• Rhomberg Balance Test: The individual is asked to stand with their feet together, head tilted back, and eyes closed, estimating the passage of 30 seconds.

Legal Implications

Field sobriety tests are used as evidence in driving under the influence (DUI) cases. Refusal to take these tests can result in legal consequences, such as license suspension. The results of these tests, along with other evidence, are used to establish probable cause for arrest and prosecution.

Accuracy and Controversy

The accuracy of field sobriety tests has been a subject of debate. Factors such as medical conditions, age, weight, and even nervousness can affect performance. Critics argue that these tests are subjective and can lead to false positives.

Related Pages

• Driving under the influence
• Breathalyzer
• Blood alcohol content
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
• Impaired driving in the United States