Flat tire

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A broken down truck, A cart pusher, A tricycle and a bus in Lagos

Flat tire on a Fiat Panda

Niger, Kodo (9), tire repair shop

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Flat tire refers to a condition in which a pneumatic tire loses its air pressure, resulting in the inability of the tire to support the weight of the vehicle. This can occur due to a puncture, tear, or failure of the tire's structure. Flat tires are a common issue for vehicles, including bicycles, motorcycles, cars, and trucks, and can lead to decreased control of the vehicle and potential accidents.

Causes

The primary cause of a flat tire is the penetration of the tire by a sharp object, such as nails or glass. Other causes include:

• Valve stem failure, where the valve used to inflate the tire becomes damaged or corroded.
• Tire bead leaks, where air escapes from the edge of the tire that sits on the rim.
• Structural failures, such as splits or tears in the tire sidewall or tread.
• Over- or under-inflation, leading to increased wear and vulnerability to damage.

Prevention

Preventative measures can significantly reduce the risk of flat tires. These include:

• Regularly checking tire pressure and maintaining it within the manufacturer's recommended range.
• Inspecting tires for signs of wear, damage, or foreign objects lodged in the tread.
• Using tire sealant products that can temporarily seal small punctures.
• Installing run-flat tires, which are designed to operate for a limited distance after losing air pressure.

Detection

Modern vehicles often come equipped with a Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS), which alerts the driver when tire pressure drops below a certain threshold. For vehicles without TPMS, signs of a flat tire include:

• Visible deflation or damage to the tire.
• Unusual vibrations or thumping noises while driving.
• Pulling to one side due to uneven tire pressures.

Repair and Replacement

The appropriate action for a flat tire depends on the severity of the damage. Options include:

• Temporary repairs, such as using a tire repair kit to fix minor punctures.
• Permanent repairs, performed by professionals, which may involve patching or plugging the damaged area.
• Tire replacement, necessary when the tire is extensively damaged or worn out.

Emergency Procedures

In the event of a flat tire, drivers should:

• Slow down gradually and pull over to a safe location, away from traffic.
• Use hazard lights to alert other drivers.
• Replace the flat tire with a spare, if available, or call for roadside assistance.

Environmental Impact

Discarded tires from flat tire replacements contribute to environmental waste. Recycling programs and proper disposal methods are essential to mitigate this impact.

Flat tire Resources
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