Flexor digitorum brevis muscle

Flexor digitorum brevis

Flexor digitorum brevis is a muscle located in the sole of the foot. It plays a crucial role in the movement of the toes, specifically in flexing the middle phalanges of the four lesser toes. This muscle is part of the plantar muscles group and is situated in the first layer of the plantar muscles, along with the abductor hallucis and the abductor digiti minimi.

Anatomy[edit | edit source]

The flexor digitorum brevis originates from the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity, the plantar aponeurosis, and the intermuscular septa. It inserts into the middle phalanges of the four lesser toes via four tendons. Each tendon splits to allow the passage of the flexor digitorum longus tendon before inserting. The muscle is innervated by the medial plantar nerve, a branch of the tibial nerve, and receives its blood supply from the medial plantar artery.

Function[edit | edit source]

The primary function of the flexor digitorum brevis is to flex the middle phalanges of the four lesser toes at the proximal interphalangeal joints. This action is essential for walking, running, and maintaining balance. The muscle works in coordination with other foot muscles to support the arches of the foot and to assist in the propulsion phase of gait.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

Injuries or conditions affecting the flexor digitorum brevis can lead to difficulties in toe movement and can impact gait and balance. Conditions such as plantar fasciitis, flat feet, and toe deformities may alter the function of this muscle. Treatment options vary depending on the condition but may include physical therapy, orthotics, and in some cases, surgery.