Flowchart

Flowchart

A simple flowchart depicting the process of turning on a lamp.

A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents a workflow or process. A flowchart can also be defined as a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm, a step-by-step approach to solving a task. The flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting the boxes with arrows. This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution model to a given problem.

Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting, or managing a process or program in various fields. They are widely used in multiple disciplines, including computer programming, business, and education.

History

The first structured method for documenting process flow, the "flow process chart," was introduced by Frank Gilbreth to members of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) in 1921. The flowchart became a popular tool for describing computer algorithms and processes in the 20th century.

Symbols

Flowcharts use specific symbols to represent different types of actions or steps in a process. Some of the most common symbols include:

• Oval: Used to represent the start and end of a process.
• Rectangle: Represents a process step or action.
• Diamond: Indicates a decision point, where the flow can branch based on a yes/no question or condition.
• Arrow: Shows the direction of flow from one step to the next.

Error creating thumbnail:

A flowchart illustrating a simple for loop.

Types of Flowcharts

There are several types of flowcharts, each serving different purposes:

• Process Flowchart: Illustrates the sequence of steps in a process or system.
• Data Flowchart: Shows the flow of data within a system.
• System Flowchart: Depicts the physical or logical flow of a system.
• Program Flowchart: Used in computer programming to describe the flow of a program.

Applications

Flowcharts are used in various fields for different purposes:

• Business: To document processes, improve efficiency, and identify bottlenecks.
• Education: To teach students about processes and algorithms.
• Engineering: To design and analyze systems and processes.
• Software Development: To plan and visualize algorithms and program logic.

Creating a Flowchart

To create a flowchart, follow these steps:

1. Define the process: Clearly understand the process you want to document. 2. Identify the steps: List all the steps involved in the process. 3. Choose the symbols: Select appropriate symbols for each step. 4. Draw the flowchart: Arrange the symbols in the correct order and connect them with arrows. 5. Review and refine: Check the flowchart for accuracy and completeness.

Error creating thumbnail:

An IBM flowchart template from the 1960s.

Advantages

Flowcharts offer several advantages:

• Clarity: They provide a clear and visual representation of a process.
• Communication: Facilitate communication between different stakeholders.
• Problem-solving: Help identify problems and inefficiencies in a process.
• Documentation: Serve as a useful tool for documenting processes and systems.

Limitations

Despite their advantages, flowcharts have some limitations:

• Complexity: Can become complex and difficult to read for large processes.
• Time-consuming: Creating detailed flowcharts can be time-consuming.
• Static: Do not easily accommodate changes in the process.

Also see

• Algorithm
• Data flow diagram
• Unified Modeling Language
• Business process modeling