Flying buttress

Lübeck Marienkirche Strebebögen

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Die Votivkirche in Wien; Denkschrift des Baucomit'es veröffentlicht zur Feier der Einweihung am 24. April 1879 (1879) (14597612677)

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Flying buttress is an architectural element that has been crucial in the development of Gothic architecture. It consists of an inclined bar or beam, typically made of stone, that extends from a higher portion of a structure down to a lower support, usually a pier or buttress, which is often set apart from the main structure. The primary function of a flying buttress is to distribute the lateral forces pushing a wall outward (which are typically caused by the roof and vaults) down to the ground, allowing builders to construct higher walls and larger windows, which became characteristic of Gothic cathedrals.

History

The origins of the flying buttress can be traced back to the late Romanesque period, but it was during the Gothic period (12th to 16th centuries) that they were fully developed and utilized extensively, especially in the construction of cathedrals across Europe. Notable examples include the Notre-Dame de Paris, Chartres Cathedral, and Reims Cathedral. These structures showcased the flying buttress as not only a functional architectural element but also as an aesthetic one, often decorating them with sculptures and other ornamental details.

Design and Function

The design of a flying buttress allows it to effectively counteract the lateral forces exerted by the vaults and ceilings of large buildings. By transferring these forces from the upper walls down to a solid ground foundation, the walls no longer need to be as thick, enabling the inclusion of large stained glass windows that are characteristic of Gothic architecture. This innovation marked a significant departure from the earlier Romanesque style, which relied on thick walls and smaller windows.

Cultural Significance

The use of flying buttresses is closely associated with the Gothic style, which is often seen as reaching towards the heavens, symbolizing the spiritual aspirations of the era. The light-filled interiors created by the ability to incorporate larger windows were intended to inspire awe and elevate the spirit, making flying buttresses a key component in the architectural language of Gothic cathedrals.

Modern Usage

While primarily associated with medieval Gothic architecture, the concept of the flying buttress has been adapted and used in various forms in modern architecture. Contemporary architects have interpreted the flying buttress in innovative ways, using new materials and technologies to achieve similar structural or aesthetic goals.

See Also

• Gothic architecture
• Buttress
• Vault
• Stained glass