Fomitopsidaceae

Fomitopsidaceae

The Fomitopsidaceae is a family of fungi within the order Polyporales. This family is known for its wood-decaying capabilities, primarily causing brown rot in trees. Members of this family are commonly found on dead or dying wood, where they play a crucial role in the decomposition process.

Taxonomy

The family Fomitopsidaceae was established by Marinus Anton Donk in 1961. It includes several genera, some of which are well-known for their ecological and economic importance. The type genus of this family is Fomitopsis.

Genera

Some of the notable genera within the Fomitopsidaceae family include:

• Fomitopsis
• Laetiporus
• Antrodia
• Piptoporus
• Daedalea

Morphology

Members of the Fomitopsidaceae family typically produce large, conspicuous fruiting bodies that are either perennial or annual. These fruiting bodies are often tough and woody, with a pore surface on the underside where spores are released. The texture and color of these fungi can vary widely among different genera and species.

Ecology

Fomitopsidaceae fungi are primarily saprotrophic, meaning they obtain nutrients by decomposing organic matter. They are particularly adept at breaking down lignin, a complex organic polymer found in the cell walls of plants, which results in the characteristic brown rot. This ability makes them important agents in nutrient cycling within forest ecosystems.

Economic Importance

Some species within the Fomitopsidaceae family are of economic importance due to their role in wood decay. For example, Laetiporus sulphureus, commonly known as "chicken of the woods," is not only a wood-decay fungus but also a popular edible mushroom. However, other species can cause significant damage to timber and wooden structures, leading to economic losses.

Research and Applications

Research into the Fomitopsidaceae family has focused on their enzymatic capabilities, particularly their ability to degrade lignin and cellulose. This has potential applications in bioremediation and the production of biofuels. Additionally, some species are being studied for their medicinal properties, including potential anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects.

References

• Donk, M.A. (1961). "The generic names proposed for Polyporaceae." Persoonia 1(1): 173-302.
• Hibbett, D.S., et al. (2007). "A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi." Mycological Research 111(5): 509-547.

External Links

• MycoBank
• Index Fungorum