Fomitopsidaceae

A family of fungi in the order Polyporales

Fomitopsis pinicola, a common species in the Fomitopsidaceae family

The Fomitopsidaceae is a family of fungi in the order Polyporales. This family includes several genera of polypore fungi, which are known for their wood-decaying abilities. Members of this family are primarily found on dead or dying trees, where they play a crucial role in the decomposition of wood.

Characteristics

Fungi in the Fomitopsidaceae family are characterized by their tough, woody fruiting bodies, which are often perennial. These fruiting bodies, also known as conks, are typically found on the trunks or branches of trees. The texture of these fungi can range from leathery to hard, and they often have a shelf-like appearance.

The hymenophore of Fomitopsidaceae fungi is usually poroid, meaning it has a surface covered with small pores. These pores are the openings of tubes that contain the spore-producing cells, or basidia. The spores are released through these pores and dispersed by the wind.

Ecology

Fomitopsidaceae fungi are primarily saprotrophic, meaning they obtain nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter. They are important decomposers in forest ecosystems, particularly in the breakdown of lignin and cellulose in wood. Some species are also known to cause heart rot in living trees, which can lead to structural weakness and eventual tree death.

Notable Genera and Species

The family Fomitopsidaceae includes several notable genera and species:

• Fomitopsis: This genus includes the well-known species Fomitopsis pinicola, commonly known as the red-belted conk. It is widely distributed in temperate regions and is easily recognized by its distinctive red band.
• Antrodia: A genus that includes species such as Antrodia serialis, known for its role in wood decay.
• Piptoporus: Includes species like Piptoporus betulinus, commonly known as the birch polypore, which is often found on birch trees.

Distribution

Fomitopsidaceae fungi are found worldwide, with a higher diversity in temperate and boreal regions. They are commonly found in forests, where they colonize dead wood and contribute to nutrient cycling.

Related pages

• Polyporales
• Fungi
• Wood decay
• Saprotrophic nutrition