Fontina

Fifteenth-century food vendor (fresco from Castello di Issogne)

Fontina is a cheese originating from the Aosta Valley, in the Alps of northern Italy. It is made from cow's milk and is known for its creamy texture and strong flavor. Fontina has been produced in the Aosta Valley since the 12th century and is protected by the Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) designation in Italy, ensuring that only cheese produced in this region according to traditional methods can be labeled as Fontina.

Production

The production of Fontina involves the use of raw, full-fat cow's milk from cows grazing on the lush, alpine pastures of the Aosta Valley. The milk is heated and then curdled using rennet. The curds are then pressed and salted before being aged in caves for at least three months. The aging process allows Fontina to develop its characteristic flavor and texture. The cheese can be aged longer to produce a firmer texture and more intense flavor.

Characteristics

Fontina cheese is semi-soft and has a smooth and slightly elastic texture. It has a rind that is typically orange-brown in color, which becomes darker as the cheese ages. The interior of the cheese is pale cream in color, with small holes known as "eyes." Fontina has a rich and creamy flavor, with nutty and mild earthy notes. The intensity of its flavor can vary depending on the age of the cheese, with older Fontina being more pungent.

Culinary Uses

Fontina is a versatile cheese that can be used in a variety of culinary applications. It melts well, making it an excellent choice for fondues, sauces, and grilled cheese sandwiches. It is also commonly used in Italian dishes such as risotto and polenta. Fontina can be enjoyed on its own, served with fruits, nuts, and bread as part of a cheese platter.

Varieties

While the Fontina produced in the Aosta Valley is the most renowned, variations of the cheese are made in other countries, including Sweden and Denmark. These versions may differ in terms of flavor and texture but are inspired by the traditional Italian Fontina.

Protection and Recognition

Fontina from the Aosta Valley is protected under the DOC designation, which stands for Denominazione di Origine Controllata. This designation ensures that the cheese is produced using traditional methods and ingredients from the designated region. Fontina has also been granted the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status by the European Union, further recognizing its unique regional characteristics.