Food and Fuel Control Act

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January 1918 editorial cartoon by

Food and Fuel Control Act (also known as the Lever Act) was a piece of legislation passed by the United States Congress in 1917 during World War I. The act was named after its sponsor, Representative Asbury Francis Lever, and was designed to provide the federal government with the authority to regulate the distribution and consumption of food and fuel in order to support the war effort. The Food and Fuel Control Act was a significant measure in the context of the United States' mobilization for war and its efforts to manage domestic resources effectively.

Overview

The Food and Fuel Control Act granted broad powers to the President of the United States to control the production, distribution, and pricing of food products and fuels. Under the act, the President could requisition foods, feeds, fuels, and other supplies necessary for the military and could regulate or prohibit their export. Additionally, the act authorized the President to regulate or prohibit the manufacturing, distribution, and storage of food products and fuel to ensure adequate supplies for the military and civilian population.

Implementation

The implementation of the Food and Fuel Control Act led to the establishment of the United States Food Administration, headed by Herbert Hoover, and the United States Fuel Administration. These agencies were responsible for implementing the act's provisions, including the conservation and rationing of food and fuel. The Food Administration encouraged Americans to conserve food through voluntary measures, such as "Meatless Mondays" and "Wheatless Wednesdays," while the Fuel Administration regulated coal supplies and introduced measures such as "lightless nights" to save fuel.

Impact

The Food and Fuel Control Act had a significant impact on American society during World War I. It not only ensured that the United States military had sufficient supplies of food and fuel but also introduced the American public to the concept of conservation and rationing for the common good. The act's emphasis on voluntary compliance and its success in mobilizing public support for conservation efforts were notable achievements. However, the act also faced criticism from some quarters for granting excessive powers to the federal government and for its impact on certain sectors of the economy.

Legacy

The Food and Fuel Control Act was repealed after the end of World War I, but its legacy continued in various forms. The experience of managing resources during the war influenced subsequent federal policies and laid the groundwork for future government interventions in the economy during times of crisis. The act is also remembered as an early example of the United States government's efforts to mobilize civilian support for national objectives through conservation and rationing.