Forkhead

Forkhead box proteins are a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating the expression of genes involved in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and longevity. They are named for a characteristic DNA-binding domain (the "forkhead box"), and are also known as "winged helix" proteins because of the butterfly-like appearance of the DNA-binding domain.

Structure

The forkhead box or FOX proteins share a common DNA-binding domain known as the forkhead domain or winged-helix domain. This domain is a sequence of about 100 amino acids that binds to DNA and is responsible for the regulation of gene expression. The forkhead domain is highly conserved across different species, indicating its importance in cellular function.

Function

Forkhead box proteins regulate a wide variety of biological processes. They are involved in everything from embryonic development to the aging process. Some of the specific functions of forkhead box proteins include:

• Regulation of cell growth and proliferation
• Control of cell differentiation and development
• Regulation of longevity and aging
• Control of metabolic processes

Clinical significance

Mutations in forkhead box genes can lead to a variety of diseases. For example, mutations in the FOXO3 gene have been associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease and prostate cancer. Mutations in the FOXG1 gene can cause a severe neurological disorder known as FOXG1 syndrome.

See also

• Forkhead box O3
• Forkhead box G1
• Forkhead box protein P2

References

Forkhead Resources
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