Fossa (anatomy)

Fossa (anatomy)

A fossa is a term used in anatomy to describe a depression or hollow, usually in a bone. The term is derived from the Latin word for "ditch" or "trench". Fossae are found in various parts of the body and serve different functions depending on their location.

Types of Fossae

There are numerous types of fossae in the human body, each with its own specific function and location. Some of the most notable include:

• Anterior cranial fossa: This is the front part of the cranial cavity that houses the frontal lobes of the brain.
• Middle cranial fossa: This is the middle part of the cranial cavity that houses the temporal lobes of the brain.
• Posterior cranial fossa: This is the back part of the cranial cavity that houses the cerebellum.
• Mandibular fossa: This is a depression in the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible to form the temporomandibular joint.
• Olecranon fossa: This is a large depression located on the posterior side of the humerus, near the elbow joint.

Functions of Fossae

Fossae serve various functions in the body, depending on their location. For instance, cranial fossae house and protect the brain, while the mandibular fossa allows for the articulation of the jaw. The olecranon fossa allows for the extension and flexion of the elbow joint.

Clinical Significance

Fossae are often involved in various medical conditions. For example, a fracture or infection in the cranial fossa can lead to serious neurological complications. Similarly, disorders of the temporomandibular joint can cause pain and dysfunction in the jaw.

See Also

• Anatomy
• Bone
• Cranial cavity
• Temporomandibular joint