Foveolar cell

Foveolar cells or surface mucous cells are mucus-producing cells which cover the inside of the stomach, protecting it from the corrosive nature of gastric acid. These cells line the gastric mucosa, creating a layer of mucus that protects the stomach lining from the acid environment.

Structure

Foveolar cells are columnar in shape and are found in the gastric pits of the stomach. They are characterized by their large, pale-staining, mucin-filled vesicles which occupy the apical half of the cell. The base of the cell is narrow and is located near the lamina propria.

Function

The primary function of foveolar cells is to secrete mucus. This mucus forms a protective barrier that prevents the stomach lining from being damaged by the acidic gastric juice. The mucus also contains bicarbonate ions, which can neutralize the acid in the stomach.

Foveolar cells also play a role in the renewal of the gastric mucosa. They are capable of dividing and differentiating into other types of gastric epithelial cells, such as parietal cells and chief cells.

Clinical significance

Damage to the foveolar cells can lead to gastric ulcers. This can occur due to factors such as excessive alcohol consumption, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. In severe cases, this can lead to gastric bleeding or perforation.

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