Fraxinus ornus

Fraxinus ornus JPG2

Fraxinus ornus, commonly known as the manna ash or flowering ash, is a species of ash tree native to southern Europe and southwestern Asia. It is a deciduous tree, notable for its attractive flowers and the sweet, sap-like substance it produces, known as manna, which has been used in traditional medicine and as a sweetener.

Description

Fraxinus ornus grows to a height of 15–25 meters (49–82 feet), with a trunk up to 1 meter (3.3 feet) in diameter. The bark is pale grey and smooth in young trees, becoming furrowed with age. The leaves are opposite, pinnate, 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in) long, with 5–9 leaflets. Each leaflet is ovate, 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) long and 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) broad. The flowers are produced in dense panicles 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) long in late spring; they are small, with four to five creamy-white petals. The fruit is a samara 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) long, comprising a single seed with an elongated, wing-like structure.

Habitat and Distribution

Fraxinus ornus is found in a variety of habitats, including woodlands and mountainous regions, from sea level to 1,400 meters (4,600 feet). It prefers calcareous soils and is tolerant of drought conditions. The species is native to the Mediterranean region, extending from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa to the Balkans and the Middle East.

Uses

Manna

The most notable product derived from Fraxinus ornus is manna, a sugary sap that exudes from cuts made in the tree's bark. Manna has been harvested for centuries and is used for its medicinal properties, as well as a natural sweetener. It is particularly rich in mannitol, a sugar alcohol that has a laxative effect.

Ornamental Use

Due to its attractive foliage and flowers, Fraxinus ornus is also cultivated as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens. Its moderate size makes it suitable for urban environments, where it can provide shade and aesthetic value.

Traditional Medicine

In traditional medicine, manna from Fraxinus ornus has been used to treat a variety of ailments, including constipation, respiratory problems, and to soothe sore throats. The leaves and bark of the tree have also been used in herbal remedies.

Conservation

While Fraxinus ornus is not currently listed as endangered, it faces threats from habitat loss and diseases, particularly those caused by invasive species such as the emerald ash borer. Conservation efforts are focused on protecting natural habitats and promoting the cultivation of Fraxinus ornus in areas where it can thrive.

See Also

• Ash tree
• Mannitol
• Deciduous trees
• Medicinal plants