Freemasonry

Square compasses

Palazzo Roffia, galleria 00

Washington Masonic print

Freemasons' Hall, London

Error creating thumbnail:

Microcosm of London Plate 038 - Freemasons' Hall (tone)

Ahmad nami

Freemasonry is a fraternal organization that traces its origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons, which from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients. Freemasonry has been subject to numerous interpretations and controversies since its formal establishment in the early 18th century. Its members are joined together by shared ideals of both a moral and metaphysical nature, and, in most of its branches, by a constitutional declaration of belief in a Supreme Being.

History

Freemasonry's history is divided into two distinct parts: the period before the formation of the first Grand Lodge in London in 1717, which is known as "Operative Masonry," and the period after, known as "Speculative Masonry." Operative Masonry refers to the period when the organization was composed of practicing stonemasons. Speculative Masonry began when membership was extended to those who were not stonemasons, evolving the organization into a more symbolic and philosophical society.

Principles and Beliefs

Freemasonry espouses several key principles, including brotherly love, relief, and truth. Freemasons are expected to exhibit loyalty to each other and to help improve themselves through personal development and service to humanity. The fraternity is non-dogmatic, meaning that it does not advocate or impose the beliefs of any one religion. Instead, it asks that its members have a belief in a Supreme Being, the definition of which is left to the individual. The use of architectural symbolism, drawn from the tools and practices of stonemasonry, is a core element of its rituals.

Organization

The basic organizational unit of Freemasonry is the Lodge, which is overseen by a Grand Lodge or Grand Orient at the regional or national level. Membership is open to men of adult age (the specific age varies by jurisdiction), of good character, who believe in a Supreme Being. Women are not universally admitted into Freemasonry, but there are many jurisdictions that have adopted female or co-masonic lodges.

Rituals and Degrees

Freemasonry's rituals are a series of allegorical plays, performed within a lodge room, that use Masonic symbols to teach moral and ethical lessons. The three primary degrees are the Entered Apprentice, Fellowcraft, and Master Mason. Beyond these, there are additional degrees offered in appendant bodies of Freemasonry, such as the Scottish Rite and the York Rite, which further explore the philosophical underpinnings of the craft.

Controversies and Criticisms

Throughout its history, Freemasonry has been criticized and opposed by various religious groups and governments. Critics have accused the organization of fostering secret political influence, promoting religious indifference, and maintaining arcane rituals. Despite these criticisms, Freemasonry maintains that it does not involve itself in politics or religion, and it promotes tolerance, philanthropy, and community service.

Freemasonry Today

Today, Freemasonry exists in various forms around the world, with a membership estimated in the millions. It continues to be a diverse and complex network of fraternal relations, charitable activities, and philosophical exploration. Freemasonry's impact can be seen in its extensive charitable work, its influence on Western esoteric thought, and its social and moral teachings.