Fregatidae

Fregatidae, commonly known as frigatebirds, are a family of seabirds found across all tropical and subtropical oceans. The family Fregatidae is the only one in the order Suliformes and consists of a single genus, Fregata. These birds are known for their large wingspan, forked tails, and the males' distinctive red gular pouch, which is inflated during the breeding season to attract females.

Description

Frigatebirds are large birds with predominantly black plumage. They have long wings and deeply forked tails. The males are notable for their striking red gular pouch, which can be inflated during the breeding season as a part of courtship display. Females are slightly larger than males and have white underbellies. Juveniles have a white head and underparts. These birds are known for their ability to soar gracefully on ocean winds, and they rarely flap their wings.

Distribution and Habitat

Frigatebirds are found across all tropical and subtropical oceans. They prefer to stay over the open sea and are rarely seen inland except during breeding season when they nest on remote islands. They are highly pelagic outside the breeding season.

Behavior

Feeding

Frigatebirds feed mainly on fish and squid, which they snatch from the ocean surface or sometimes steal from other seabirds in a behavior known as kleptoparasitism. They are unable to swim or walk well on land and rely on their flying ability to catch food.

Breeding

Frigatebirds breed on remote tropical islands. They are colonial breeders; males display in groups by inflating their red gular pouch and drumming on it with their bills to attract females flying overhead. After pairing, females lay a single egg. Both parents take turns feeding the chick for an extended period.

Conservation

While some species of frigatebirds are widespread and common, others have more restricted ranges and are vulnerable to habitat disturbance, especially on their breeding islands. Conservation efforts are focused on protecting their nesting habitats from human interference and invasive species.

Species

The genus Fregata includes several species:

• Magnificent frigatebird (Fregata magnificens)
• Ascension frigatebird (Fregata aquila)
• Christmas frigatebird (Fregata andrewsi)
• Great frigatebird (Fregata minor)
• Lesser frigatebird (Fregata ariel)

See also

• List of birds
• Seabird