Fuchsia

Fuchsia flowerフクシアの花7137619

Fuchsia hybrida - flower view 01

Fuchsia boliviana 3

Fuchsia regia - blossom (aka)

Cultivated Fucshias at BBC Gardeners' World

Fuchsia is a genus of flowering plants that consists mostly of shrubs or small trees. The first, Fuchsia triphylla, was discovered on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti) in about 1696-1697 by the French Minim monk and botanist, Charles Plumier, during his third expedition to the Greater Antilles. He named the new genus after the renowned German botanist Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566).

Description

Fuchsias are known for their distinctive pendulous teardrop flowers, which are usually borne in profusion throughout the summer and autumn. The flowers are tubular, with long, extending stamens, and are often brightly colored in shades of pink, purple, red, or white. The plants can be deciduous or evergreen and vary in size from compact shrubs to small trees. The leaves are opposite or in whorls, mostly simple in shape, and can be toothed or entire.

Cultivation and Uses

Fuchsias are popular garden plants, and thousands of cultivars have been developed for the ornamental garden industry. They are grown for their attractive flowers, and many species are hardy enough to withstand outdoor conditions in temperate climates. However, some species and hybrids require protection from frost. Fuchsias are also popular in hanging baskets and as potted plants indoors or in greenhouses.

In addition to their use in gardens and landscaping, fuchsias have been used in traditional medicine by indigenous peoples in their native ranges. However, the specific uses and efficacy of fuchsia in traditional medicine have not been extensively studied in modern medical research.

Distribution and Habitat

Fuchsia species are found in the wild in Central and South America, with a few species extending into the Caribbean and Tahiti. They prefer a mild, moist climate and are commonly found in mountainous regions, forests, and areas near streams.

Conservation

While many fuchsia species are widespread and not considered at risk, habitat destruction and climate change pose threats to some species, especially those with limited ranges. Conservation efforts are necessary to ensure the survival of these species in their natural habitats.

Taxonomy

The genus Fuchsia belongs to the family Onagraceae, which also includes evening primroses and willowherbs. The taxonomy of Fuchsia has been complex, with the number of species estimated to be between 100 and 110. Recent genetic studies have helped clarify the relationships within the genus, leading to a better understanding of its evolutionary history.

Popular Species and Hybrids

Some of the most popular fuchsia species among gardeners include Fuchsia magellanica, Fuchsia fulgens, and Fuchsia excorticata. The latter, also known as the tree fuchsia, is notable for its size, growing into a small tree in favorable conditions. Hybrids, such as the Fuchsia x hybrida, are also widely cultivated for their varied and vibrant flower colors.

Cultural Significance

Fuchsias hold cultural significance in various parts of the world. In New Zealand, for example, the native Fuchsia excorticata is known as "kōtukutuku" and is revered in Māori culture.

See Also

• Botany
• Horticulture
• Plant conservation
• Garden plants