Fur

GrizzlyBearJeanBeaufort

Great male Leopard in South Afrika-JD

Opossum fur

Down Awn and guard hairs of cat 2012 11 13 9203r

Wet Fur - CGI

Fur refers to the thick growth of hair that covers the skin of many animals. It is a defining characteristic of mammals, providing insulation against the cold and often serving as camouflage. Fur is composed of two types of hair: the dense, soft undercoat or underfur, which serves to insulate the animal, and the longer, coarser hair known as guard hairs, which provide protection against wear and external moisture. The color, density, and texture of fur vary widely among species, adapted to their environments and lifestyles.

Composition and Function

Fur is primarily made up of keratin, a protein that also makes up human hair and nails. The structure of fur can be divided into three parts: the medulla, the cortex, and the cuticle. The medulla is the innermost layer, providing insulation; the cortex provides strength, color, and texture; and the cuticle is the outer protective layer.

The primary function of fur is to insulate the animal's body by trapping heat. In aquatic mammals, like seals, fur also serves to waterproof and streamline the body for swimming. In addition to thermal regulation and protection, fur can also play a role in camouflage, sensory perception, and social signaling within species.

Evolution

The evolution of fur is closely tied to the evolutionary history of mammals. It is believed that fur evolved during the Mesozoic era, as mammals diversified and adapted to different ecological niches. The presence of fur is one of the key traits distinguishing mammals from other vertebrates.

Human Use of Fur

Humans have used animal fur for thousands of years for clothing, ornamentation, and other purposes. Fur has played a significant role in human culture and economy, with various species being hunted or farmed for their pelts. The fur trade has been a contentious issue due to animal rights and environmental concerns, leading to increased regulation and the rise of synthetic alternatives.

Controversy and Conservation

The use of fur has led to ethical debates over animal welfare and environmental impact. Conservation efforts focus on sustainable practices and the protection of endangered species from overhunting and habitat loss. The fashion industry has seen a shift towards faux fur and other alternatives in response to these concerns.

See Also

• Animal fiber
• Pelt
• Fur farming
• Fur trade

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