GABAA
GABAA receptor is a type of GABA receptor that is ionotropic in nature. It is chloride-selective and is activated by the neurotransmitter GABA, which is the chief inhibitory compound in the mature vertebrate central nervous system.
Structure[edit | edit source]
The GABAA receptor is a multimeric protein complex that can be composed of five subunits out of nineteen possible subunits. The subunits are classified into eight families: α, β, γ, δ, ε, π, θ, and ρ.
Function[edit | edit source]
The GABAA receptor functions as a ligand-gated ion channel. When GABA binds to the receptor, it causes the channel to open, allowing chloride ions to pass through the membrane. This results in a decrease in neuronal excitability.
Pharmacology[edit | edit source]
The GABAA receptor is a major target of pharmacological agents, including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol. These substances enhance the effects of GABA at the GABAA receptor, resulting in sedative, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant effects.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
Alterations in the function or expression of the GABAA receptor are implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, epilepsy, and insomnia.
See also[edit | edit source]
- [[GABAB receptor]]
- [[GABAC receptor]]
- GABA receptor antagonist
- GABA receptor agonist
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