GABAA

GABA_A receptor is a type of GABA receptor that is ionotropic in nature. It is chloride-selective and is activated by the neurotransmitter GABA, which is the chief inhibitory compound in the mature vertebrate central nervous system.

Structure

The GABA_A receptor is a multimeric protein complex that can be composed of five subunits out of nineteen possible subunits. The subunits are classified into eight families: α, β, γ, δ, ε, π, θ, and ρ.

Function

The GABA_A receptor functions as a ligand-gated ion channel. When GABA binds to the receptor, it causes the channel to open, allowing chloride ions to pass through the membrane. This results in a decrease in neuronal excitability.

Pharmacology

The GABA_A receptor is a major target of pharmacological agents, including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol. These substances enhance the effects of GABA at the GABA_A receptor, resulting in sedative, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant effects.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the function or expression of the GABA_A receptor are implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, epilepsy, and insomnia.

See also

• [[GABA_B receptor]]
• [[GABA_C receptor]]
• GABA receptor antagonist
• GABA receptor agonist

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