Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (often abbreviated as GABA) is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter with central nervous system (CNS) inhibitory properties.

Overview[edit | edit source]

Discovered in 1950, GABA is one of the most important and widespread inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain. It plays a role in regulating neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. In humans, GABA is also directly responsible for the regulation of muscle tone.

Function[edit | edit source]

GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system that plays a role in regulating neuronal excitability. It is also used by the body to control muscle tone. GABA's natural function is to reduce the activity of the neurons to which it binds. Some researchers believe that one of the purposes this serves is to prevent over-excitement or stress.

Production and Metabolism[edit | edit source]

GABA is produced in the body from glutamate using the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase and pyridoxal phosphate (which is the active form of vitamin B6) as a cofactor. This process converts glutamate (the principal excitatory neurotransmitter) into GABA (the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter).

Role in Disease[edit | edit source]

GABA is implicated in several neurological disorders, including epilepsy, anxiety, and Parkinson's disease. Alterations in GABA receptor expression are implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression, which are highly prevalent in patients with epilepsy. In Parkinson's disease, GABA contributes to the motor symptoms of the disease by reducing the activity of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.

References[edit | edit source]

Gamma-aminobutyric acid Resources
Need Help Finding a Doctor? Need help finding a doctor or specialist anywhere in the world? Explore our world directory. WikiMD's DocFinder can assist you in locating millions of physicians.	Medical Knowledge Access the latest research - Most recent articles Ongoing trials.