GAL3ST4

Ideogram human chromosome 7

GAL3ST4

GAL3ST4 is a gene that encodes an enzyme known as galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 4. This enzyme is involved in the sulfation of carbohydrates, specifically the transfer of sulfate groups to galactose residues. The GAL3ST4 gene is located on chromosome 16 in humans.

Function

The primary function of GAL3ST4 is to catalyze the sulfation of galactose residues on glycoproteins and glycolipids. This sulfation process plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including cell-cell interactions, cell signaling, and the regulation of immune responses.

Structure

The GAL3ST4 enzyme consists of multiple domains that are responsible for substrate recognition and sulfate transfer. The enzyme undergoes conformational changes during the sulfation reaction to facilitate the transfer of sulfate groups to galactose residues.

Regulation

The expression and activity of GAL3ST4 are tightly regulated to ensure proper sulfation of galactose residues. Various factors, including cellular signaling pathways and transcription factors, can influence the expression levels of the GAL3ST4 gene.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the GAL3ST4 gene have been associated with certain diseases and disorders, including metabolic disorders and immune-related conditions. Dysregulation of sulfation processes mediated by GAL3ST4 can lead to abnormal cell functions and disease states.