GDF9

GDF9 or Growth Differentiation Factor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF9 gene. It is a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that is essential for ovarian folliculogenesis.

Function

GDF9 plays a critical role in ovarian follicular development by regulating granulosa cell proliferation and oocyte growth. It is expressed in oocytes and is required for normal oogenesis and female fertility. Mutations in the GDF9 gene have been associated with premature ovarian failure and polycystic ovary syndrome.

Structure

The GDF9 protein is a homodimer that is processed to its mature form by proteolytic cleavage. It consists of a signal peptide, a proregion, and a mature region. The mature region is responsible for the biological activity of GDF9.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the GDF9 gene have been associated with various reproductive disorders in women, including premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome, and infertility. Studies have shown that women with mutations in the GDF9 gene have a reduced number of mature oocytes and a decreased rate of successful in vitro fertilization.

Research

Research on GDF9 has focused on its role in ovarian follicular development and its potential use in fertility treatments. Studies have shown that GDF9 can stimulate the growth of granulosa cells and increase the production of estrogen. This has led to the suggestion that GDF9 could be used to enhance fertility in women with low ovarian reserve.

See also

• Transforming growth factor beta
• Oogenesis
• Premature ovarian failure
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Infertility