Galápagos Islands

Galapagos in Ecuador (real location)

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Galapagos Islands astronaut photo from ISS 2020

Galapagos SPOT 1178

Orthographic projection centred over the Galapagos

[[File:Tour_of_the_Galapagos.OGG|Tour of the Galapagos.OGG[[File:Journey_to_Galapagos.OGG|Journey to Galapagos.OGG Galápagos Islands

The Galápagos Islands are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed on either side of the equator in the Pacific Ocean, surrounding the centre of the Western Hemisphere, 906 km (563 mi) west of continental Ecuador, to which they belong. Officially named the Archipiélago de Colón, they are known for their vast number of endemic species and were studied by Charles Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle. His observations and collections contributed to the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by means of natural selection.

History

The islands were first discovered by the outside world in the 16th century by the Spanish bishop of Panama, Tomás de Berlanga, who stumbled upon them by accident on his way to Peru. The Galápagos Islands were used as a base by early pirates and whalers, taking advantage of the isolated location and the fresh water and food supplies. In 1832, Ecuador took official possession of the islands, naming them the "Archipelago of Ecuador". This incorporation into Ecuador led to the islands' gradual settlement, but their remote location has helped preserve their unique ecosystem.

Geography

The Galápagos Islands consist of 18 main islands, 3 smaller islands, and 107 rocks and islets. The largest of the islands is Isabela Island, which makes up half of the total land area of the Galápagos. The islands are located at the Galápagos Triple Junction, a point where three tectonic plates meet, making the region volcanically active. The landscape of the islands varies from barren black, volcanic rocks to beaches of white sand, to lush highlands filled with unique flora.

Biodiversity

The Galápagos Islands are renowned for their unique ecosystem which includes a wide range of unusual animals such as the giant tortoise, marine iguana, and the many types of finch that inspired Darwin's theory of evolution. The islands' isolation from the mainland has led to the development of unusual animal life that adapted to the specific environments of the islands. The Galápagos marine reserve is one of the largest in the world, offering a sanctuary for a diverse population of sea life.

Conservation

Due to their unique biodiversity, the islands were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978. The Galápagos National Park Service and the Charles Darwin Foundation are the primary organizations involved in the conservation efforts to protect the natural environment and the endangered species of the Galápagos. Despite these efforts, the islands face threats from introduced species, tourism, and illegal fishing.

Tourism

Tourism in the Galápagos Islands has grown to become one of the main sources of income for Ecuador. Strict regulations are in place to protect the natural habitat, with limits on the number of visitors allowed on the islands at any one time and strict guidelines for behavior on the islands. Most visitors explore the islands through guided tours on boats, which range from small yachts to larger cruise ships.

Conclusion

The Galápagos Islands are a unique and precious part of the world's natural heritage. Their isolation has created a living museum of evolution, unparalleled in its importance to biology, geology, and ecology. The ongoing conservation efforts are vital to preserving this unique ecosystem for future generations.