Gallus gallus

Gallus gallus, also known as the Red Junglefowl, is a tropical bird in the family Phasianidae. It is the primary progenitor of the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). The Red Junglefowl was first domesticated at least five thousand years ago in Asia, then taken around the world, and the domestic form is kept globally as a very productive food source of both meat and eggs.

Taxonomy

The Gallus gallus is one of the four species of the genus Gallus in the bird family Phasianidae, which also includes pheasants, partridges, and peafowl. The species is divided into five subspecies: G. g. gallus, G. g. spadiceus, G. g. jabouillei, G. g. murghi, and G. g. bankiva.

Description

The Red Junglefowl is a medium-sized bird and is approximately 70 centimeters in length. The male has a dark red crown and back, golden plumage, and a long, dark tail. The female is smaller, with dull brown feathers.

Habitat and Distribution

Gallus gallus is native to South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. However, feral populations have established themselves in many other parts of the world.

Behavior and Ecology

Red Junglefowl are omnivorous and feed on insects, seeds, and fruits. They are typically seen foraging on the ground in the early morning and late afternoon. They roost in trees at other times.

Relationship with Humans

The Red Junglefowl is significant for humans as the ancestor of the domestic chicken, and it has cultural significance in many societies.