Garden design

Garden design is the art and process of designing and creating plans for layout and planting of gardens and landscapes. Garden design may be done by the garden owner themselves, or by professionals of varying levels of experience and expertise. Most professional garden designers have some training in horticulture and the principles of design. Some are also landscape architects, a more formal level of training that usually requires an advanced degree and often a state license.

History

The history of garden design dates back to ancient civilizations. The Ancient Egyptians and Persians were among the first to create gardens for aesthetic purposes. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and an early example of garden design.

Principles of Garden Design

Garden design involves a variety of principles to create a harmonious and functional outdoor space. These principles include:

• Unity: Ensuring all elements of the garden work together to create a cohesive look.
• Balance: Distributing visual weight evenly in the garden.
• Proportion: Ensuring the size of elements is in harmony with each other and the overall design.
• Rhythm: Creating a sense of movement through repetition and contrast.
• Focal point: Drawing attention to a specific area or feature in the garden.

Types of Gardens

There are various types of gardens, each with its own design principles and plant selections. Some common types include:

• Formal garden: Characterized by geometric shapes and symmetrical layouts.
• Cottage garden: Known for its informal design and dense plantings.
• Japanese garden: Features elements such as water, rocks, and carefully pruned plants to create a tranquil space.
• Mediterranean garden: Utilizes drought-resistant plants and often includes features like terracotta pots and gravel paths.

Elements of Garden Design

Several elements are commonly used in garden design to create a functional and aesthetically pleasing space. These include:

• Plants: The selection of plants is crucial for the garden's appearance and health.
• Hardscape: Non-plant elements such as paths, walls, and water features.
• Water features: Ponds, fountains, and streams can add a sense of tranquility.
• Lighting: Proper lighting can enhance the garden's beauty and usability at night.
• Furniture: Benches, tables, and other furniture can make the garden more functional.

Professional Garden Designers

Professional garden designers often work with clients to create custom garden plans. They may provide services such as site analysis, concept design, planting plans, and project management. Some well-known garden designers include Capability Brown, Gertrude Jekyll, and Piet Oudolf.

See Also

• Landscape architecture
• Horticulture
• Botany
• Urban design
• Environmental design