Gastrohepatic ligament

Gastrocolic omentum

The gastrocolic omentum or great omentum is a large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach. It is an important structure in the abdomen, playing a role in immunity, fat storage, and infection control.

Anatomy

The gastrocolic omentum is the largest of the peritoneal folds. It extends from the greater curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the transverse colon, covering the small intestines.

Physiology

The gastrocolic omentum plays a significant role in the body's immune response. It contains milky spots, which are clusters of lymphoid tissue that contribute to the production of antibodies. It also acts as a physical barrier against the spread of infections in the peritoneal cavity.

In addition, the gastrocolic omentum is involved in fat storage. It contains adipose tissue, which stores energy in the form of fat. This fat can be mobilized and used by the body during periods of starvation.

Clinical significance

The gastrocolic omentum can be involved in various pathological conditions. For example, in peritonitis, an inflammation of the peritoneum, the omentum can become inflamed and adhere to the abdominal wall or the organs in the abdomen. This can lead to the formation of adhesions, which can cause abdominal pain and other complications.

In cancer, particularly ovarian cancer and stomach cancer, the omentum can be a site of metastasis. This is known as omental cake, and it is a sign of advanced disease.

The gastrocolic omentum can also be used in surgical procedures. For example, in an omentectomy, part or all of the omentum is removed, usually to treat cancer. In an omentopexy, the omentum is used to cover or support another organ, such as the liver.

See also

• Lesser omentum
• Mesentery
• Peritoneum