Gecko

File:Leopard Gecko Shedding Skin.ogv

Gecko foot on glass

LizardFemoralPoresRooij

Eichstaettisaurus schroederi 398858 (cropped)

Deutsches Bernsteinmuseum 04 (cropped)

Gecko is a common name for any of the more than 1,500 species of lizards belonging to the infraorder Gekkota, found in warm climates throughout the world. Geckos are unique among lizards in their vocalizations, producing chirping sounds in social interactions with other geckos. They are also renowned for their extraordinary ability to climb smooth vertical surfaces and even traverse ceilings, a trait attributed to the specialized toe pads that allow them to adhere to surfaces through van der Waals forces.

Characteristics

Geckos are characterized by their small to medium sizes, with most species ranging from 1.6 to 60 cm (0.64 to 24 inches) in length. Their skins often display a variety of colors and patterns, which serve as camouflage. Geckos have adapted to habitats ranging from deserts to jungles, and some have even become commensal with humans, living in urban environments.

The most distinctive feature of geckos is their toe pads that enable them to climb smooth surfaces. These pads are covered with thousands of tiny hairs (setae) that branch into even tinier spatulae at the tips, allowing them to exploit molecular adhesion forces. This ability varies among gecko species, with some better adapted to climbing than others.

Geckos are also known for their ability to regenerate lost tails, a common defense mechanism against predators. The new tail serves multiple functions, including fat storage and aiding in locomotion, although it is usually not as long as the original.

Diet

Geckos are predominantly insectivorous, feeding on a variety of insects and other invertebrates. Some larger species may consume small mammals, birds, and other lizards. Their diet can vary based on the environment, with some species adapting to consume fruits, nectar, and pollen.

Reproduction

Gecko reproduction can involve both sexual and asexual means, depending on the species. Most geckos lay eggs, with some species laying their eggs in protected environments such as under rocks or within tree trunks. A few species are ovoviviparous, giving birth to live young. Geckos can exhibit a range of reproductive strategies, including fixed genetic sex determination and temperature-dependent sex determination.

Conservation

While many gecko species are abundant and not currently at risk, some are endangered due to habitat loss, pollution, and the pet trade. Conservation efforts are in place for several species, focusing on habitat preservation and regulation of trade.

In Culture

Geckos have featured in human culture in various ways, often seen as symbols of good luck and prosperity, especially in Southeast Asia. They are also popular in the pet trade for their docile nature and minimal care requirements.