Gemma

Gemma (Natural Sciences)

A gemma (plural: gemmae) is a small cellular body or bud that can separate to form a new organism. This form of asexual reproduction is common in certain plants, fungi, and algae. Gemmae are often produced in specialized structures called gemma cups.

Occurrence in Plants

In bryophytes, such as liverworts and mosses, gemmae are produced in gemma cups on the surface of the thallus. When rain splashes into the gemma cups, the gemmae are dispersed to new locations where they can grow into new plants. This method of reproduction allows bryophytes to colonize new areas rapidly.

Occurrence in Fungi

In some fungi, gemmae are produced as a means of vegetative reproduction. These structures can detach from the parent organism and grow independently. This is particularly common in certain species of molds and yeasts.

Occurrence in Algae

Certain types of algae also reproduce through the formation of gemmae. These structures can develop into new algal colonies when they are released into the water. This form of reproduction is advantageous in stable environments where sexual reproduction may not be necessary.

Advantages of Gemmae

The production of gemmae allows for rapid and efficient colonization of new areas. Since gemmae are clones of the parent organism, they maintain the genetic makeup of the parent, which can be beneficial in stable environments where the parent organism is well-adapted.

Related Concepts

• Asexual reproduction
• Vegetative reproduction
• Thallus
• Bryophyte
• Liverwort
• Moss
• Fungi
• Algae

See Also

• Asexual reproduction
• Vegetative reproduction
• Bryophyte
• Liverwort
• Moss
• Fungi
• Algae