Gene microarray
Gene markers are specific sequences of DNA that are used in genetics and genomics to identify a location on a genome. They are also known as genetic markers. Gene markers are used in a variety of applications, including genetic mapping, DNA sequencing, and disease diagnosis.
Types of Gene Markers[edit | edit source]
There are several types of gene markers, each with its own characteristics and uses.
- Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs): These are the most common type of genetic variation among people. Each SNP represents a difference in a single DNA building block, called a nucleotide.
- Short Tandem Repeats (STRs): These are short sequences of DNA, typically of length 2-5 base pairs, that are repeated numerous times in a row.
- Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs): These are similar to STRs, but the repeated sequences are longer, typically more than 10 base pairs.
- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs): These are variations in the length of specific DNA fragments caused by restriction enzymes, which cut DNA at specific sequences.
Applications of Gene Markers[edit | edit source]
Gene markers have a wide range of applications in genetics and genomics.
- Genetic Mapping: Gene markers are used to create maps of the genome, which can help scientists locate specific genes and understand their functions.
- DNA Sequencing: Gene markers can be used to help sequence DNA, by providing reference points along the genome.
- Disease Diagnosis: Certain gene markers are associated with specific diseases, and can be used to diagnose these diseases or predict a person's risk of developing them.
- Forensic Science: In forensic science, gene markers can be used to identify individuals or determine biological relationships between individuals.
See Also[edit | edit source]
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