Gene microarray

Gene markers are specific sequences of DNA that are used in genetics and genomics to identify a location on a genome. They are also known as genetic markers. Gene markers are used in a variety of applications, including genetic mapping, DNA sequencing, and disease diagnosis.

Types of Gene Markers

There are several types of gene markers, each with its own characteristics and uses.

• Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs): These are the most common type of genetic variation among people. Each SNP represents a difference in a single DNA building block, called a nucleotide.

• Short Tandem Repeats (STRs): These are short sequences of DNA, typically of length 2-5 base pairs, that are repeated numerous times in a row.

• Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs): These are similar to STRs, but the repeated sequences are longer, typically more than 10 base pairs.

• Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs): These are variations in the length of specific DNA fragments caused by restriction enzymes, which cut DNA at specific sequences.

Applications of Gene Markers

Gene markers have a wide range of applications in genetics and genomics.

• Genetic Mapping: Gene markers are used to create maps of the genome, which can help scientists locate specific genes and understand their functions.

• DNA Sequencing: Gene markers can be used to help sequence DNA, by providing reference points along the genome.

• Disease Diagnosis: Certain gene markers are associated with specific diseases, and can be used to diagnose these diseases or predict a person's risk of developing them.

• Forensic Science: In forensic science, gene markers can be used to identify individuals or determine biological relationships between individuals.

See Also

• Genetics
• Genomics
• DNA Sequencing
• Genetic Mapping
• Disease Diagnosis
• Forensic Science