Geographic atrophy

Geographic Atrophy is a form of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) that affects the retina and can lead to severe vision loss and blindness. It is characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choriocapillaris in the macula, the part of the eye responsible for sharp, central vision.

Causes

The exact cause of Geographic Atrophy is unknown, but it is believed to be associated with the aging process and the cumulative effect of oxidative stress on the retinal tissues. Other risk factors include genetics, smoking, and nutrition.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of Geographic Atrophy is a gradual loss of central vision in one or both eyes. This can make it difficult to read, drive, or recognize faces. Other symptoms may include difficulty adapting to low light levels, needing increasingly bright light to see up close, and decreased intensity or brightness of colors.

Diagnosis

Geographic Atrophy is diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination that includes a visual acuity test, dilated eye exam, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Other diagnostic tests may include fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).

Treatment

There is currently no cure for Geographic Atrophy. Treatment is focused on slowing the progression of the disease and managing symptoms. This may include vitamin supplements, low vision aids, and occupational therapy to help patients adapt to their changing vision.

Prognosis

The prognosis for Geographic Atrophy varies. Some people may maintain usable vision for many years, while others may experience a rapid progression of vision loss. Regular eye exams and early detection can help manage the disease and preserve vision.

See Also

• Age-related Macular Degeneration
• Retina
• Vision loss
• Blindness

Geographic atrophy Resources
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