Geography of Lesotho

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Geography of Lesotho

Lesotho is a landlocked country located in the southern part of Africa. It is entirely surrounded by South Africa, making it one of the few countries in the world that is completely encircled by another country. Lesotho is known for its mountainous terrain, with more than 80% of the country situated at an elevation of over 1,800 meters (5,906 feet) above sea level.

Topography

The topography of Lesotho is characterized by its rugged mountains and highlands. The Drakensberg Mountains and the Maloti Mountains are the most prominent mountain ranges in the country. The highest peak in Lesotho is Thabana Ntlenyana, which stands at 3,482 meters (11,423 feet) above sea level, making it the highest point in southern Africa.

Climate

Lesotho has a temperate climate, with hot summers and cold winters. Due to its high elevation, the country experiences significant temperature variations between day and night. Snowfall is common in the highlands during the winter months, particularly in the Drakensberg and Maloti mountain ranges.

Rivers and Water Bodies

The Orange River, also known as the Senqu River, is the longest river in Lesotho. It originates in the Drakensberg Mountains and flows westward into South Africa. Other significant rivers include the Caledon River and the Makhaleng River. Lesotho is also home to several dams, including the Katse Dam and the Mohale Dam, which are part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project.

Flora and Fauna

Lesotho's flora and fauna are adapted to its mountainous environment. The country is home to various species of grasses, shrubs, and wildflowers. The highlands support a range of wildlife, including the endangered Bearded Vulture and the Mountain Reedbuck. The Sehlabathebe National Park and the Ts'ehlanyane National Park are important conservation areas in Lesotho.

Natural Resources

Lesotho is rich in water resources, which are harnessed for hydroelectric power and water supply to South Africa. The country also has deposits of diamonds, which are mined in the highlands. The Letseng Diamond Mine is one of the most notable diamond mines in Lesotho.

Environmental Issues

Lesotho faces several environmental challenges, including soil erosion, deforestation, and overgrazing. These issues are exacerbated by the country's mountainous terrain and the reliance on subsistence agriculture. Efforts are being made to address these challenges through reforestation projects and sustainable land management practices.

Related Pages

• Lesotho
• Drakensberg Mountains
• Maloti Mountains
• Thabana Ntlenyana
• Orange River
• Lesotho Highlands Water Project
• Sehlabathebe National Park
• Ts'ehlanyane National Park