George S. Houston

George Smith Houston (January 17, 1811 – December 31, 1879) was an American politician who served as the Governor of Alabama from 1874 to 1878. He played a significant role in the Reconstruction era, working to restore the state's economy and government after the American Civil War.

Early Life and Education

George S. Houston was born in Franklin, Tennessee, and moved with his family to Alabama in 1818. He pursued an education in law and was admitted to the bar in 1831, beginning his practice in Athens, Alabama.

Political Career

Houston's political career began in the Alabama House of Representatives, where he served from 1832 to 1834. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1841, serving multiple terms until 1861. As a member of the Democratic Party, Houston was a strong advocate for states' rights and the agricultural interests of the South.

During the Civil War, Houston was a delegate to the Confederate constitutional convention but played a limited role in the subsequent Confederate government.

After the war, Houston became a key figure in Alabama's Reconstruction. Elected governor in 1874, he focused on economic recovery, advocating for the payment of the state debt and the improvement of public education.

Governorship

As governor, Houston implemented policies to stabilize the state's finances, including advocating for the resumption of tax collection and the repayment of state debts. He also worked to restore civil order and reduce the violence that had plagued Alabama during the Reconstruction period.

Later Life and Legacy

After serving as governor, Houston was elected to the United States Senate, where he served until his death in 1879. He is remembered for his efforts to lead Alabama through a challenging post-war period, and his policies laid the groundwork for the state's recovery.

Houston died in Athens, Alabama, and is buried there. His tenure as governor is often seen as a turning point in Alabama's history, moving it towards economic stability and away from the post-war chaos.

See Also

• List of Governors of Alabama
• History of Alabama
• Reconstruction era of the United States