German wine classification

Dr Loosen and Robert Weil wine bottles

Rheingau feinherb Riesling

Doenhoff Kabinett and Kabinett trocken

Breuer Auslese and Auslese Goldkapsel

Selection-Rheinhessen

German wine classification primarily focuses on the quality and style of wine produced in Germany. The system has evolved over time, adapting to changes in the wine industry and consumer preferences. It is designed to provide information about the origin, grape varieties, and quality level of the wine. Understanding the German wine classification system can enhance the wine selection process for consumers and professionals alike.

Quality Levels

The German wine classification system is structured into several quality levels, each defined by specific criteria including the geographical origin of the grapes, the ripeness of the grapes at harvest, and the wine's style.

Tafelwein

Tafelwein represents the most basic level of German wines. These are simple table wines that must meet basic standards of quality. They are often blends of grapes from various regions.

Landwein

Landwein is a step up from Tafelwein, similar to the French Vin de Pays. It is a regionally typical wine that is slightly higher in quality than Tafelwein and must come from one of the designated Landwein regions. These wines must also have a slightly higher minimum must weight (the measure of the sugar content in the grape juice before fermentation).

Qualitätswein

Qualitätswein (or QbA, Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete) is a quality wine from one of the 13 specific wine-growing regions in Germany. These wines must adhere to stricter regulations, including grape variety, yield limits, and minimum must weight. They are subject to taste testing and chemical analysis to ensure quality.

Prädikatswein

Prädikatswein, formerly known as Qualitätswein mit Prädikat (QmP), represents the highest quality category in the German wine classification system. This category is subdivided into several levels based on the ripeness (and sometimes the sweetness) of the grapes at harvest:

• Kabinett – made from fully ripe grapes, these wines are light and can be dry or sweet.
• Spätlese – meaning "late harvest", these wines are made from grapes that are allowed to ripen longer on the vine, producing wines that are richer and can range from dry to sweet.
• Auslese – made from select, very ripe bunches of grapes, these wines are often sweeter and more intense in flavor.
• Beerenauslese (BA) – a sweet dessert wine made from individually selected, overripe grapes often affected by noble rot, resulting in very concentrated flavors.
• Trockenbeerenauslese (TBA) – made from grapes that have shriveled to raisins while still on the vine, this is an intensely sweet and rare dessert wine.
• Eiswein – produced from grapes that have frozen while still on the vine, these wines are concentrated and sweet, made from the liquid sugar and other dissolved solids that remain after the water has been removed as ice.

Additional Designations

Beyond the basic quality levels, German wines may also carry additional designations indicating dryness or sweetness, and whether the wine was produced from a single vineyard.

• Trocken indicates a dry wine.
• Halbtrocken or Feinherb wines are off-dry.
• Einzellage denotes wine from a single vineyard, highlighting the unique characteristics of that location.

Classification Challenges

While the German wine classification system provides a framework for understanding wine quality, it can be complex for consumers to navigate due to its detailed levels and specific terminology. Additionally, the focus on sugar levels and ripeness at harvest does not always directly correlate to the perceived quality or taste preferences of all consumers.

Conclusion

The German wine classification system offers a detailed framework for categorizing wines based on quality, origin, and style. By understanding this system, consumers and professionals can make more informed decisions when selecting German wines.