Germline

Germline refers to the lineage of cells that leads to the formation of eggs in females and sperm in males. These cells are the only cells within an organism that can pass genetic information to offspring.

Overview

The germline in any organism is the lineage of cells that leads to the formation of gametes (eggs and sperm). Germline cells are the only cells within an organism that can pass genetic information to offspring. In humans, germline cells are the earliest cells to differentiate in a developing embryo.

Germline Mutation

A Germline mutation is any detectable and heritable variation in the lineage of germ cells. Mutations in these cells are passed on to offspring, while, on the other hand, those in somatic cells are not. A germline mutation gives rise to a constitutional mutation in the offspring, that is, a mutation that is present in virtually every cell.

Germline Therapy

Germline therapy involves the genetic modification of the germline cells to correct defective genes that cause disease. As these modifications are heritable, it could also be used to create new characteristics not found in the individual's family. However, this therapy is controversial due to ethical and technical issues.

Germline vs Somatic Cells

While germline cells are the cells in the body that carry genetic information to the next generation, somatic cells are all the other cells that make up the body's tissues and organs. Unlike germline cells, somatic cells cannot pass their genetic information to offspring.

See Also

• Genetics
• Gene therapy
• Mutation
• Somatic cell

References

Germline Resources
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