Gliflozin

Gliflozin is a class of medicinal drugs used primarily in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. They are part of the larger group of oral hypoglycemic agents, which are medications that lower blood sugar levels. Gliflozins work by inhibiting the sodium-glucose transport proteins (SGLTs), which are responsible for glucose reabsorption in the kidneys.

Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]

Gliflozins inhibit the SGLTs, particularly SGLT2, which is responsible for 90% of glucose reabsorption in the kidneys. By inhibiting these proteins, gliflozins prevent glucose from being reabsorbed and instead it is excreted in the urine. This leads to a decrease in blood glucose levels, which is beneficial for individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Types of Gliflozins[edit | edit source]

There are several types of gliflozins available, including:

Dapagliflozin: This is the first gliflozin to be approved for use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is marketed under the brand name Farxiga.
Canagliflozin: This gliflozin is marketed under the brand name Invokana.
Empagliflozin: This is marketed under the brand name Jardiance.

Side Effects[edit | edit source]

Like all medications, gliflozins can cause side effects. Common side effects include urinary tract infections, increased urination, and yeast infections. More serious side effects can include kidney damage, low blood sugar, and a rare but serious condition called ketoacidosis.

Contraindications[edit | edit source]

Gliflozins are contraindicated in individuals with severe kidney disease, as they rely on the kidneys to work. They are also contraindicated in individuals with type 1 diabetes and in those who are allergic to any of the ingredients in the medication.