Global action plan for influenza vaccines

Global Action Plan for Influenza Vaccines (GAP) is an initiative led by the World Health Organization (WHO) aimed at increasing the global capacity for influenza vaccine production and enhancing the overall preparedness for an influenza pandemic. The plan was established in response to the recognition that global production capacity for influenza vaccines was insufficient, particularly in the event of a pandemic. GAP focuses on three main objectives: increasing the use of seasonal influenza vaccines to boost production capacity, promoting research and development of more effective vaccine technologies, and improving the regulatory capacity and processes for vaccines worldwide.

Background

Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It poses a significant global health threat, leading to severe illness, death, and economic losses. The potential for pandemic influenza, where a new influenza virus spreads globally causing widespread illness, underscores the need for effective vaccines. However, prior to the initiation of GAP, the production capacity for influenza vaccines was concentrated in a few countries, with many regions having little to no capacity to produce vaccines.

Objectives

Increase Seasonal Vaccine Use

The first objective of GAP is to increase the use of seasonal influenza vaccines. This approach serves dual purposes: it protects populations against seasonal influenza and increases vaccine production capacity globally. By enhancing demand for seasonal vaccines, manufacturers are encouraged to expand production facilities, which could also be utilized in a pandemic situation.

Promote Research and Development

GAP's second objective is to promote research and development (R&D) of new and improved influenza vaccines. This includes vaccines that are easier to produce, such as those that do not require growth in chicken eggs, and vaccines that offer broader and longer-lasting protection. Encouraging innovation in vaccine technology is crucial for preparing for future influenza pandemics.

Improve Regulatory Capacity

The third objective focuses on improving regulatory capacity and processes for vaccines globally. This involves ensuring that regulatory authorities in all countries have the necessary knowledge and resources to expedite the approval processes for new vaccines, without compromising safety and efficacy standards. Streamlining regulatory processes is essential for the rapid deployment of vaccines during a pandemic.

Implementation

The implementation of GAP involves collaboration among various stakeholders, including vaccine manufacturers, government health agencies, international organizations, and research institutions. WHO coordinates these efforts, providing guidance, technical support, and facilitating communication among parties. The plan also emphasizes the importance of technology transfer initiatives to build vaccine production capacity in developing countries.

Challenges and Progress

While GAP has made significant progress in increasing global influenza vaccine production capacity and advancing vaccine technologies, challenges remain. These include ensuring equitable access to vaccines during a pandemic, overcoming technical and regulatory hurdles in developing countries, and sustaining interest and investment in influenza vaccine R&D and production during inter-pandemic periods.

Conclusion

The Global Action Plan for Influenza Vaccines represents a comprehensive effort to enhance global preparedness for seasonal and pandemic influenza through increased vaccine production capacity, promotion of R&D, and improved regulatory frameworks. Continued international cooperation and investment are essential to achieve the objectives of GAP and protect global health against the threat of influenza.