Global commons

Global commons is a term typically used to describe international, supranational, and global resource domains in which common-pool resources are found. Global commons include the earth's shared natural resources, such as the high oceans, the atmosphere and outer space and the Antarctic in particular. Cyberspace may also meet the definition of a global commons.

Definition

The concept of the global commons originated in international law and politics with the recognition of the shared natural resources that exist beyond the jurisdiction of individual nations. These include the high seas, the atmosphere, outer space, and the Antarctic. In recent years, the concept has been expanded to include digital resources, such as the internet, that are shared globally but not owned by any one entity.

Types of Global Commons

Natural Commons

Natural commons refer to the earth's shared natural resources. These include:

• High seas: The parts of the ocean that are not under the jurisdiction of any country.
• Atmosphere: The layer of gases surrounding the earth that is essential for supporting life.
• Outer Space: The expanse that exists beyond the earth and between celestial bodies.
• Antarctic: The southernmost continent, which is governed by the Antarctic Treaty System.

Digital Commons

Digital commons refer to information and knowledge resources that are collectively created and owned or shared between or among a community and that tend to be non-exclusive, that is, be (generally freely) available to third parties. Thus, they are said to be "open to all, and owned by none". This includes:

• Internet: A global network of computers that provides information and communication facilities.

Governance

The governance of the global commons is considered a central question in Global Governance. Because these areas do not fall under national jurisdiction, they pose unique challenges for international law and relations. The United Nations plays a significant role in establishing treaties and agreements to manage these resources.

See also

• Tragedy of the commons
• Common-pool resource
• Global public good
• International law