God in Islam

The Guiding Creed by Ibn Tumart

God in Islam is referred to as Allah (الله), the unique, omnipotent, and only deity in Islam. The concept of God in Islam is strictly monotheistic, known as Tawhid, which asserts that Allah is singular and unique (Ahad) and there is nothing like unto Him (112:4). This central tenet distinguishes Islamic belief from polytheism and idolatry, emphasizing that Allah alone is worthy of worship.

Attributes of Allah

In Islam, Allah is described through His 99 Names, known as the Asma ul Husna (الأسماء الحسنى), which include attributes such as the Most Merciful (Ar-Rahman), the Most Compassionate (Ar-Rahim), the Sovereign (Al-Malik), the Holy (Al-Quddus), and the Peace and Blessing (As-Salam). These names not only describe His attributes but also serve as a form of devotion when Muslims invoke Him by these names.

Tawhid: Islamic Monotheism

Tawhid is the foundational concept in Islam that emphasizes the oneness of Allah. It is divided into three categories: 1. Tawhid al-Rububiyyah: The oneness of Allah in His lordship, meaning that Allah is the sole creator, sustainer, and master of the universe. 2. Tawhid al-Asma wa al-Sifat: The uniqueness of Allah in His names and attributes, asserting that Allah's attributes are incomparable and nothing can be likened to Him. 3. Tawhid al-Ibadah: The oneness of Allah in worship, indicating that Allah is the only one deserving of all forms of worship.

Quranic Perspective

The Quran, the holy book of Islam, extensively discusses the concept of God. It begins with the phrase "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful" and emphasizes His mercy and compassion towards His creation. The Quran also warns against associating partners with Allah (Shirk), which is considered the gravest sin in Islam.

Relationship with Creation

In Islam, Allah's relationship with His creation is one of guidance, mercy, and sustenance. Allah has sent Prophets and Messengers to guide humanity to the path of righteousness and truth. The ultimate purpose of creation is to worship Allah, as mentioned in the Quran: "And I did not create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me" (51:56).

Differences with Other Abrahamic Faiths

While Islam shares the belief in a monotheistic God with Judaism and Christianity, there are significant differences in the conception of God among these religions. Islam rejects the Christian doctrine of the Trinity and the divinity of Jesus, affirming that Jesus was a prophet and messenger of Allah. Similarly, while Islam recognizes the prophets of Judaism, it also insists that Muhammad is the final prophet, sealing the prophethood.

Conclusion

The concept of God in Islam is central to the faith's identity and practice. Allah's oneness, uniqueness, and sovereignty are emphasized throughout Islamic theology and worship. Understanding Allah's attributes and the principle of Tawhid is essential for comprehending the Islamic worldview and its distinction from other religious traditions.