Gold hexafluoride

Gold hexafluoride is a chemical compound with the formula AuF6. It is one of the most reactive compounds of gold, and is a rare example of a gold(V) fluoride. In its solid form, it appears as a red-orange crystalline substance. Due to its extreme reactivity, especially with water and organic substances, gold hexafluoride is used primarily in academic research rather than in practical applications.

Properties

Gold hexafluoride is characterized by its high reactivity, which is typical for metal hexafluorides. It is a powerful oxidizing agent, capable of oxidizing substances that are considered to be non-reactive. Gold hexafluoride is highly sensitive to moisture and can decompose upon contact with water or humidity in the air, releasing fluorine gas, which is highly toxic and corrosive.

The compound exists in a solid state under standard conditions and has a complex electronic structure that contributes to its high reactivity. The gold atom in gold hexafluoride is in the +5 oxidation state, which is uncommon for gold compounds. This high oxidation state is stabilized by the strong electronegativity of the fluorine atoms.

Synthesis

Gold hexafluoride can be synthesized by the direct reaction of gold metal with elemental fluorine gas under specific conditions. The reaction requires a high temperature and must be conducted in an inert atmosphere to prevent the formation of unwanted byproducts and to ensure the safety of the process due to the highly reactive nature of the reactants.

Applications

Due to its extreme reactivity and the difficulty in handling it, the applications of gold hexafluoride are limited and mostly confined to academic research. It is used in studies related to the chemistry of gold, particularly in exploring the higher oxidation states of gold and their potential reactivity. Additionally, gold hexafluoride can serve as a fluorinating agent in specialized chemical syntheses, although its use is restricted by its reactivity and the need for stringent safety measures.

Safety

Handling gold hexafluoride requires extreme caution. It must be manipulated in a controlled environment, such as a glove box filled with an inert gas, to prevent its decomposition and the release of toxic fluorine gas. Protective equipment, including gloves and face shields, is mandatory when working with this compound. Due to its high reactivity, gold hexafluoride should be stored in containers made of materials that can withstand its corrosive effects.

See also

• Gold
• Fluorine
• Chemical synthesis
• Oxidizing agent